Algal blooms are found Algal blooms are found on waterways throughout Florida. That includes Lake Okeechobee, the St. Lucie and Caloosahatche estuaries, the Indian River Lagoon, the St. Johns River, Biscayne Bay, Florida Bay, Apalachicola Bay, and others. As these blooms grow,  they negatively impact the environment, public health, and the economy of nearby communities. In short, they become "harmful algal blooms" (HAB).

Causes of Harmful Algal Blooms

Scientists believe large algal blooms in Florida started from natural causes, but have been made worse by human impact on the environment. This has occurred primarily through addition to the land of excess nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus). Another impact is land-use decisions that permit nutrients to more quickly reach inland and coastal waters.

Climate change also plays a role. For instance, rising water temperatures and sea levels have enabled faster-growing algae. In addition, saltwater intrusion encourage saltwater blooms to move closer to shore. 

Due to the complexity of the situation, there are no easy fixes. However, improvements to water quality are possible. This will happen through a combination of education, informed strategy, and collaboration among entities and individuals with diverse backgrounds and knowledge.

Potential Solutions

UF/IFAS scientists with expertise in various disciplines are working to better understand the true scope of Florida’s algal bloom problem. In addition, UF/IFAS Extension engages the public through on-site information and discussion forums in every Florida county.

Meanwhile, the University of Florida teams with individuals and organizations throughout the state. That includes water management districts, state and federal agencies, local governments, agricultural commodity groups, private industry, and Florida residents.